- java.lang.Object
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- java.util.AbstractMap<K,V>
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- java.util.HashMap<K,V>
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- java.util.LinkedHashMap<K,V>
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- Type Parameters:
K- the type of keys maintained by this mapV- the type of mapped values
- All Implemented Interfaces:
Serializable,Cloneable,Map<K,V>
public class LinkedHashMap<K,V> extends HashMap<K,V> implements Map<K,V>
Hash table and linked list implementation of the
Mapinterface, with predictable iteration order. This implementation differs fromHashMapin that it maintains a doubly-linked list running through all of its entries. This linked list defines the iteration ordering, which is normally the order in which keys were inserted into the map (insertion-order). Note that insertion order is not affected if a key is re-inserted into the map. (A keykis reinserted into a mapmifm.put(k, v)is invoked whenm.containsKey(k)would returntrueimmediately prior to the invocation.)This implementation spares its clients from the unspecified, generally chaotic ordering provided by
HashMap(andHashtable), without incurring the increased cost associated withTreeMap. It can be used to produce a copy of a map that has the same order as the original, regardless of the original map's implementation:void foo(Map m) { Map copy = new LinkedHashMap(m); ... }This technique is particularly useful if a module takes a map on input, copies it, and later returns results whose order is determined by that of the copy. (Clients generally appreciate having things returned in the same order they were presented.)A special
constructoris provided to create a linked hash map whose order of iteration is the order in which its entries were last accessed, from least-recently accessed to most-recently (access-order). This kind of map is well-suited to building LRU caches. Invoking theput,putIfAbsent,get,getOrDefault,compute,computeIfAbsent,computeIfPresent, ormergemethods results in an access to the corresponding entry (assuming it exists after the invocation completes). Thereplacemethods only result in an access of the entry if the value is replaced. TheputAllmethod generates one entry access for each mapping in the specified map, in the order that key-value mappings are provided by the specified map's entry set iterator. No other methods generate entry accesses. In particular, operations on collection-views do not affect the order of iteration of the backing map.The
removeEldestEntry(Map.Entry)method may be overridden to impose a policy for removing stale mappings automatically when new mappings are added to the map.This class provides all of the optional
Mapoperations, and permits null elements. LikeHashMap, it provides constant-time performance for the basic operations (add,containsandremove), assuming the hash function disperses elements properly among the buckets. Performance is likely to be just slightly below that ofHashMap, due to the added expense of maintaining the linked list, with one exception: Iteration over the collection-views of aLinkedHashMaprequires time proportional to the size of the map, regardless of its capacity. Iteration over aHashMapis likely to be more expensive, requiring time proportional to its capacity.A linked hash map has two parameters that affect its performance: initial capacity and load factor. They are defined precisely as for
HashMap. Note, however, that the penalty for choosing an excessively high value for initial capacity is less severe for this class than forHashMap, as iteration times for this class are unaffected by capacity.Note that this implementation is not synchronized. If multiple threads access a linked hash map concurrently, and at least one of the threads modifies the map structurally, it must be synchronized externally. This is typically accomplished by synchronizing on some object that naturally encapsulates the map. If no such object exists, the map should be "wrapped" using the
Collections.synchronizedMapmethod. This is best done at creation time, to prevent accidental unsynchronized access to the map:Map m = Collections.synchronizedMap(new LinkedHashMap(...));
A structural modification is any operation that adds or deletes one or more mappings or, in the case of access-ordered linked hash maps, affects iteration order. In insertion-ordered linked hash maps, merely changing the value associated with a key that is already contained in the map is not a structural modification. In access-ordered linked hash maps, merely querying the map withgetis a structural modification. )The iterators returned by the
iteratormethod of the collections returned by all of this class's collection view methods are fail-fast: if the map is structurally modified at any time after the iterator is created, in any way except through the iterator's ownremovemethod, the iterator will throw aConcurrentModificationException. Thus, in the face of concurrent modification, the iterator fails quickly and cleanly, rather than risking arbitrary, non-deterministic behavior at an undetermined time in the future.Note that the fail-fast behavior of an iterator cannot be guaranteed as it is, generally speaking, impossible to make any hard guarantees in the presence of unsynchronized concurrent modification. Fail-fast iterators throw
ConcurrentModificationExceptionon a best-effort basis. Therefore, it would be wrong to write a program that depended on this exception for its correctness: the fail-fast behavior of iterators should be used only to detect bugs.The spliterators returned by the spliterator method of the collections returned by all of this class's collection view methods are late-binding, fail-fast, and additionally report
Spliterator.ORDERED.This class is a member of the Java Collections Framework.
- Implementation Note:
- The spliterators returned by the spliterator method of the collections returned by all of this class's collection view methods are created from the iterators of the corresponding collections.
- Since:
- 1.4
- See Also:
Object.hashCode(),Collection,Map,HashMap,TreeMap,Hashtable, Serialized Form
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Nested Class Summary
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Nested classes/interfaces declared in class java.util.AbstractMap
AbstractMap.SimpleEntry<K,V>, AbstractMap.SimpleImmutableEntry<K,V>
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Constructor Summary
Constructors Constructor Description LinkedHashMap()Constructs an empty insertion-orderedLinkedHashMapinstance with the default initial capacity (16) and load factor (0.75).LinkedHashMap(int initialCapacity)Constructs an empty insertion-orderedLinkedHashMapinstance with the specified initial capacity and a default load factor (0.75).LinkedHashMap(int initialCapacity, float loadFactor)Constructs an empty insertion-orderedLinkedHashMapinstance with the specified initial capacity and load factor.LinkedHashMap(int initialCapacity, float loadFactor, boolean accessOrder)Constructs an emptyLinkedHashMapinstance with the specified initial capacity, load factor and ordering mode.LinkedHashMap(Map<? extends K,? extends V> m)Constructs an insertion-orderedLinkedHashMapinstance with the same mappings as the specified map.
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Method Summary
All Methods Instance Methods Concrete Methods Modifier and Type Method Description booleancontainsValue(Object value)Returnstrueif this map maps one or more keys to the specified value.Set<Map.Entry<K,V>>entrySet()Returns aSetview of the mappings contained in this map.Vget(Object key)Returns the value to which the specified key is mapped, ornullif this map contains no mapping for the key.Set<K>keySet()Returns aSetview of the keys contained in this map.protected booleanremoveEldestEntry(Map.Entry<K,V> eldest)Returnstrueif this map should remove its eldest entry.Collection<V>values()Returns aCollectionview of the values contained in this map.-
Methods declared in class java.util.HashMap
clear, clone, compute, computeIfAbsent, computeIfPresent, containsKey, isEmpty, merge, put, putAll, remove, size
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Methods declared in class java.util.AbstractMap
equals, hashCode, toString
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Methods declared in interface java.util.Map
clear, compute, computeIfAbsent, computeIfPresent, containsKey, equals, forEach, getOrDefault, hashCode, isEmpty, merge, put, putAll, putIfAbsent, remove, remove, replace, replace, replaceAll, size
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Constructor Detail
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LinkedHashMap
public LinkedHashMap(int initialCapacity, float loadFactor)Constructs an empty insertion-orderedLinkedHashMapinstance with the specified initial capacity and load factor.- Parameters:
initialCapacity- the initial capacityloadFactor- the load factor- Throws:
IllegalArgumentException- if the initial capacity is negative or the load factor is nonpositive
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LinkedHashMap
public LinkedHashMap(int initialCapacity)
Constructs an empty insertion-orderedLinkedHashMapinstance with the specified initial capacity and a default load factor (0.75).- Parameters:
initialCapacity- the initial capacity- Throws:
IllegalArgumentException- if the initial capacity is negative
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LinkedHashMap
public LinkedHashMap()
Constructs an empty insertion-orderedLinkedHashMapinstance with the default initial capacity (16) and load factor (0.75).
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LinkedHashMap
public LinkedHashMap(Map<? extends K,? extends V> m)
Constructs an insertion-orderedLinkedHashMapinstance with the same mappings as the specified map. TheLinkedHashMapinstance is created with a default load factor (0.75) and an initial capacity sufficient to hold the mappings in the specified map.- Parameters:
m- the map whose mappings are to be placed in this map- Throws:
NullPointerException- if the specified map is null
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LinkedHashMap
public LinkedHashMap(int initialCapacity, float loadFactor, boolean accessOrder)Constructs an emptyLinkedHashMapinstance with the specified initial capacity, load factor and ordering mode.- Parameters:
initialCapacity- the initial capacityloadFactor- the load factoraccessOrder- the ordering mode -truefor access-order,falsefor insertion-order- Throws:
IllegalArgumentException- if the initial capacity is negative or the load factor is nonpositive
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Method Detail
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containsValue
public boolean containsValue(Object value)
Returnstrueif this map maps one or more keys to the specified value.- Specified by:
containsValuein interfaceMap<K,V>- Overrides:
containsValuein classHashMap<K,V>- Parameters:
value- value whose presence in this map is to be tested- Returns:
trueif this map maps one or more keys to the specified value
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get
public V get(Object key)
Returns the value to which the specified key is mapped, ornullif this map contains no mapping for the key.More formally, if this map contains a mapping from a key
kto a valuevsuch that(key==null ? k==null : key.equals(k)), then this method returnsv; otherwise it returnsnull. (There can be at most one such mapping.)A return value of
nulldoes not necessarily indicate that the map contains no mapping for the key; it's also possible that the map explicitly maps the key tonull. ThecontainsKeyoperation may be used to distinguish these two cases.
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removeEldestEntry
protected boolean removeEldestEntry(Map.Entry<K,V> eldest)
Returnstrueif this map should remove its eldest entry. This method is invoked byputandputAllafter inserting a new entry into the map. It provides the implementor with the opportunity to remove the eldest entry each time a new one is added. This is useful if the map represents a cache: it allows the map to reduce memory consumption by deleting stale entries.Sample use: this override will allow the map to grow up to 100 entries and then delete the eldest entry each time a new entry is added, maintaining a steady state of 100 entries.
private static final int MAX_ENTRIES = 100; protected boolean removeEldestEntry(Map.Entry eldest) { return size() > MAX_ENTRIES; }This method typically does not modify the map in any way, instead allowing the map to modify itself as directed by its return value. It is permitted for this method to modify the map directly, but if it does so, it must return
false(indicating that the map should not attempt any further modification). The effects of returningtrueafter modifying the map from within this method are unspecified.This implementation merely returns
false(so that this map acts like a normal map - the eldest element is never removed).- Parameters:
eldest- The least recently inserted entry in the map, or if this is an access-ordered map, the least recently accessed entry. This is the entry that will be removed it this method returnstrue. If the map was empty prior to theputorputAllinvocation resulting in this invocation, this will be the entry that was just inserted; in other words, if the map contains a single entry, the eldest entry is also the newest.- Returns:
trueif the eldest entry should be removed from the map;falseif it should be retained.
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keySet
public Set<K> keySet()
Returns aSetview of the keys contained in this map. The set is backed by the map, so changes to the map are reflected in the set, and vice-versa. If the map is modified while an iteration over the set is in progress (except through the iterator's ownremoveoperation), the results of the iteration are undefined. The set supports element removal, which removes the corresponding mapping from the map, via theIterator.remove,Set.remove,removeAll,retainAll, andclearoperations. It does not support theaddoraddAlloperations. ItsSpliteratortypically provides faster sequential performance but much poorer parallel performance than that ofHashMap.
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values
public Collection<V> values()
Returns aCollectionview of the values contained in this map. The collection is backed by the map, so changes to the map are reflected in the collection, and vice-versa. If the map is modified while an iteration over the collection is in progress (except through the iterator's ownremoveoperation), the results of the iteration are undefined. The collection supports element removal, which removes the corresponding mapping from the map, via theIterator.remove,Collection.remove,removeAll,retainAllandclearoperations. It does not support theaddoraddAlloperations. ItsSpliteratortypically provides faster sequential performance but much poorer parallel performance than that ofHashMap.
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entrySet
public Set<Map.Entry<K,V>> entrySet()
Returns aSetview of the mappings contained in this map. The set is backed by the map, so changes to the map are reflected in the set, and vice-versa. If the map is modified while an iteration over the set is in progress (except through the iterator's ownremoveoperation, or through thesetValueoperation on a map entry returned by the iterator) the results of the iteration are undefined. The set supports element removal, which removes the corresponding mapping from the map, via theIterator.remove,Set.remove,removeAll,retainAllandclearoperations. It does not support theaddoraddAlloperations. ItsSpliteratortypically provides faster sequential performance but much poorer parallel performance than that ofHashMap.
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